Physio-Articles

 How many Physiotherapy are in Nigeria the total universities that are offering physiotherapy in Nigeria not more than 8 university Lets mention them   1, Bayero university kano BUK  2, Bowen university  3, university of Ibadan,  4, university of benin,  5, university of lagos,  6, Federal University of Ndufu Aliko ikwo (FUNA)  7, University of Maiduguri UNIMAID, 8, University of uyo  8,Usmanu Dan fodiyo university Sokoto state UDUTHs

 CRYOKINETICS Cryokinetics, that is cold and exercise, is an integral part of the initial phase of the athlete’s rehabilitation. The key to success in this early stage of recovery is the use of cold for pain inhibition to allow greater effort with grade exercises. Ice is used in cryokinetics to numb the affected area, 10-15 minutes of application is usually necessary to achieve the required analgesia. Cryokinetics is easily performed under proper instruction and supervision.  Initially cold is used to numb the injured part by applying ice massage, ice packs, or immersion bath. If the therapist chooses to use an immersion bath, a technique sometimes employed for injuries of the distal joints, the duration of treatment should not exceed 15 minutes, and the clinician should ensure that the patient has intact peripheral circulation. Prolonged local exposure to cold has been reported to result in nerve palsies. Cold can be a valuable tool in the early management of rehabilitation of the inj

ultrasound has been used in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. Ultrasound has been used in physical therapy to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and improve joint immobility which are one of the clinical features of ankle sprain. 1 MHZ ultrasound at 50j/cm2 is used to increase tissue temperature. This rises in temperature is assumed to be mediating mechanism for tissue repair, the enhancement of soft tissue  extensibility, promotion of muscle relaxation, increases blood flow and alleviation of inflammatory reactions of soft tissues.

  WHAT IS MICROWAVE DIATHERMY THERAPY Microwave diathermy is one of the deep heating modality using a form of electromagnetic radiations called microwaves which is been used for therapeutic purpose, and the most widely used therapeutic frequency and wavelength for microwave diathermy is 2450 MHz and 12.245 cm respectively. these waves lie between shortwaves and infrared waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. and the frequencies lie in the range of 300 - 30,000 MHz and wavelengths of 10 mm per meter. Frequency (MHz)               Wavelengths (cm)      2450                                         12.245      916                                           32.79      433.9                                        69.14 PRODUCTION OF MICROWAVE RADIATION The microwave radiations can be produced in the modality circuit which is designed as: (1) Power supply: this is the alternating current (AC) source from the main supply  (2) Intensity control: this is where the intensity of the current can be

  WHAT IS PULSED SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY (PSWD) Pulsed short wave diathermy is also short wave diathermy but pulsed at the rate selected by the therapist. the pulsed frequency range from 15 Hz to 200 Hz and the maximum intensity produced by the machine is 1000 watts. while the pulsed duration is constant at 0.4 ms and square pulses are used. there are no cumulative thermal effects in pulsed short wave diathermy because the pulsing output of the machine is produced by one pulse which is in very short duration, as it is dissipated by the circulation before the next pulse occurs. GENERATION OF PULSED SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY In pulsed short wave diathermy each pulse train has a preset duration or on time and is separated from successive pulse trains by an off time, that is determined by the pulse repetition rate or frequency depending on the pulsed radio frequency radiation (PRFR) device. the pulse frequency can be varied from 1 to 7000 pulses per second and is selected with a pulse frequency cont

WHAT IS SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY  Short wave diathermy (SWD) is one of the deep heating modality because the term "diathermy" means to heat through, with high frequency of 27.12 MHz and wavelength of 12 m. It is    the application of deep heat to the body tissues by using electromagnetic waves that produce heat, but are non-ionizing.  COMPONENTS OF SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY There are two main circuits and both are coupled applied to get proper effect.  a. Machine circuit/Oscillator circuit: It produces high frequency current and amplifies its intensity.  b. Patient circuit/resonator circuit: It transfers the electrical energy to the patient, when coupled to the machine circuit by inductors and this energy is transferred in the form of electromagnetic field.  Sub-components of the main components: a. Main circuit circuit: Main supply Transformer Triode valve Grid leak circuit Oscillator b. Patient circuit: Resonator coil Resonator condenser Electrode Ammeter Tissues. METHODS OF APPLICATI